The link between autophagy and longevity is one of the most solid in the biology of aging. Studies on model organisms: liverworts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): activation of autophagy by caloric restriction extends lifespan by 30— 40%, C. elegans (worm): mutations that increase autophagy extend lifespan by 50%, Drosophila (fruit fly): overexpression autophagy → longer life by 20— 30%, mice: callus Hormonal (the strongest autophagy inducer studied) extends lifespan by 20— 40%. In humans — observed correlations: centenarians (people over 100 years old) show markers of autophagy more effective than the population average, epidemiological studies show that regular intermittent fasting is associated with markers of slower biological aging. Molecular pathways of longevity by autophagy: reduction of toxic aggregate proteins, maintenance of mitochondrial function, regulation of chronic inflammation (inflammaging), activation of sirtuins (SIRT1, SIRT3) — longevity genes. Important limitation: There are no randomized clinical trials in humans to confirm that intermittent fasting increases lifespan — the data are observational and mechanistic.
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